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Date:Mon Jul 11 23:34:18 2001 
Subject:Re: FAQ for comp.lang.pop 
From:Aaron Sloman See text for reply address 
Volume-ID:1010711.03 

[PLEASE NOTE To reply replace "Aaron.Sloman.XX" with "A.Sloman"]

The FAQ for the comp.lang.pop newsgroup is available online
in HTML format at

    http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/comp.lang.pop.faq.html

A plain text version produced by lynx is appended to this message.

NB
    comp.lang.pop has nothing to do with the Post Office Protocol,
    or Pop music!

Aaron
===
Aaron Sloman, ( http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/ )
School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
EMAIL A.Sloman AT cs.bham.ac.uk   (ReadATas@please !)
PAPERS: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/
FREE TOOLS: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html

=======================================================================

FAQ for comp.lang.pop
Numbers in brackets refer to URLs at end.

   This file is
   * [1]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/comp.lang.pop.faq.html
     or
   * [2]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/comp.lang.pop.faq.html
   ___________________________________________________________________

Subject: FAQ The role of this newsgroup

   (Barely)Maintained by Aaron Sloman
   Last updated: 23 Aug 2000

   See also: [3]http://www.poplog.org A "mirror" site maintained by
   Steve Leach and Graham Higgins, with a growing collection of
   donated Pop-11 packages and utilities.
   ___________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS

   * -- [4]INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS COMP.LANG.POP FOR?
   * -- [5]WHAT IS THE "POP" FAMILY OF LANGUAGES?
   * -- [6]THE MOST SOPHISTICATED VERSION
   * -- [7]EXTENDABILITY USING INCREMENTAL COMPILATION
   * -- [8]COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
   * -- [9]SOME HISTORY
   * -- [10]ALPHAPOP ON MAC
   * -- [11]BOOK ON POP-11, AND A PRIMER
   * -- [12]POPLOG "REF" AND "HELP" FILES
   * -- [13]ONLINE TEACHING MATERIAL ON POP-11
   * -- [14]WHAT DOES POP-11 LOOK LIKE?
   * -- [15]THE POPLOG VIRTUAL MACHINE AND TWO LEVEL COMPILER
   * -- [16]ONLINE INFORMATION
   * -- [17]POP-FORUM EMAIL LIST
   * -- [18]AVAILABILITY
   * -- [19]ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
   ___________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS COMP.LANG.POP FOR?
[20](Back to Contents)

   The newsgroup [21]comp.lang.pop was set up for discussion of the
   programming language Pop-11 and other languages in the Pop family
   (Pop2, Pop10, Wpop, Alphapop) and the other languages in the Poplog
   system, namely Prolog, Common Lisp and ML.

   There is an associated email list "pop-forum", described below.

   One use for the news group and email list is to report bugs in
   Poplog or associated libraries/packages, etc. or to request help
   help solving programming problems involving one or more of the
   Poplog languages, especially Pop-11, for which there is no other
   news group. When reporting a bug or requesting help it may be
   useful to use the file:
   [22]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/BUGFORM.txt.

   From time to time people post queries to this news group concerning
   email (POP3 protocols) because they misinterpret the name of the
   group. comp.lang.pop has nothing to do with email software, or the
   Post office protocol.

   People wishing to discuss that sort of thing should post to a news
   group that is more directly relevant, e.g.

   [23]comp.mail.misc

   or one of the other comp.mail groups. Their questions and answers
   are then more likely to be read by people with relevant knowledge
   and interests.
   ___________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS THE "POP" FAMILY OF LANGUAGES?
[24](Back to Contents)

   The "Pop" family of languages, all have an open stack (like Forth),
   incremental compilers (like Basic, Prolog, etc.) rich support for
   list processing (like Lisp), procedures as first class objects
   (like Scheme), and the compiler as a procedure which can be
   accessed at run time by users.

   They vary in other details, e.g.:
   * the syntax used for function definitions and other things. E.g.
     Pop2 used
          function f x y => z; ... end;
     with a generally rather terse syntax
     Pop-11 uses
          define f(x,y) -> z; .... enddefine;
     with a more verbose syntax (e.g. multiple closing brackets)
     Pop2 used this for multiple assignment, i.e. take the last three
     results produced by foo(a, b, c) and assign them to x, y, z:
          foo(a, b, c) -> z -> y -> x;
     Pop-11 allows both that syntax and also this:
          foo(a, b, c) -> (x, y, z);
   * whether there is support for full lexical scoping (only in Pop-11)
     or only dynamic scoping of local variables (like old Lisp
     systems),
   * whether there is an integrated editor (VED, the Pop-11 based
     programmable editor in Poplog is comparable in power to Emacs, but
     differs in its style, partly because it was from the beginning
     aimed at novice students and secretaries as well as expert users),
   * whether there is a built in pattern matcher (e.g. for rule-based
     programming and clearer list-processing code),
   * whether autoloading and library search lists are supported
   * whether there is support for external languages and callbacks, and
     what sort of support. E.g. the latest version supports a rich
     interface to C and the X window system, including automatic
     converters between C and Pop-11 datatypes and support for
     callbacks and structures shared between C and Pop-11 (which
     therefore must not be moved by the garbage collector).
   * whether there is an interface to the X window system
   * whether there are tools for building incremental compilers,
   * whether there is a light-weight process mechanism,
   * whether there is support for object oriented programming (as in
     the latest version of Pop-11 which includes Objectclass, an
     extension to Pop-11 similar in power to Lisp's CLOS).
   * whether there is support for asynchronous event handling (e.g.
     mouse or keyboard events which occur while programs are running).
   ___________________________________________________________________

THE MOST SOPHISTICATED VERSION IN THE POP FAMILY
[25](Back to Contents)

   The most sophisticated version of the Pop language family is
   Pop-11, developed since about 1975 at Sussex University. It was
   initially implemented by Steve Hardy on a Digital Equipment
   PDP11/40 computer, at first running the RSX11D operating system,
   which we later replaced with Unix in 1976.

   From about 1981, when it was ported to a VAX running VMS John
   Gibson took over as the chief architect, though many others made
   important contributions. After Chris Mellish implemented Prolog in
   Pop-11 (later much improved by John Gibson with low level support
   in the Poplog Virtual machine), it became known as Poplog, from
   about 1982. The Pop-11 language remained the core of Poplog and
   continued being developed until around 1988 when commercial sales
   ended and Poplog became available free of charge. It is hoped that
   future development will be done by a consortium of expert users. If
   you are interested in joining a developer's discussion list email
   A.Sloman AT cs.bham.ac.uk

   Pop-11 includes all the features listed above (and many more!)
   ___________________________________________________________________

EXTENDABILITY USING INCREMENTAL COMPILATION
[26](Back to Contents)

   Because Poplog incremental compiler facilities are available in a
   suite of Pop-11 procedures which compile code incrementally to a
   powerful general purpose virtual machine, it is not hard to develop
   new languages or extensions to old ones. This is how Common Lisp,
   Prolog and ML are implemented in Poplog, and many people have
   implemented various extensions to Pop-11 and other languages based
   on Pop-11.

   E.g. Robin Popplestone, at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst
   has implemented a version of scheme in Pop-11. It can be used in
   the Poplog environment (supported by Ved) and will be automatically
   ported to new hardware/software platforms whenever Poplog is
   ported. The scheme package is included among those listed at
   * [27]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html

   Other examples include various types of Object Oriented extensions
   to Pop-11, including the Flavours package implemented in the mid
   1980s, and the Objectclass extension (similar in many ways to CLOS)
   added to Pop-11 in the mid 1990s.

   Another example: Pop-11 has been extended with new syntax in
   Poprulebase, a sophisticated forward chaining rule based system for
   building expert systems, cognitive models, etc. described in
   * [28]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/prb/help/poprulebase

   That in turn is the heart of the sim_agent toolkit for exploring
   architectures for interacting intelligent agents, summarised in
   * [29]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/cog_affect/sim_agent.html
     (Overview file)
   * [30]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/sim/help/sim_agent
     (Overview file)
   * [31]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/sim/teach/sim_feeling
     s
     (Tutorial introduction)

   The system is still being actively developed. Its philosophy and
   some uses are outlined in

   A Sloman & B Logan, Building cognitively rich agents using the
   Sim_agent toolkit,
   Communications of the Association of Computing Machinery, 42, 3,
   pp. 71--77 March, 1999

   Changes to support agents with greater self-monitoring capabilities
   introduced in July 1999 are described in
   * [32]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/help/newkit

   Other users have at various times used Pop-11 (and other Poplog
   languages) to develop various systems either for research purposes
   or as products or tools used in-house. E.g. I believe the company
   COGSYS sells a package based on Pop-11 for developing process
   control systems. Pop-11 is also at the heart of the prize-winning
   Clementine data mining system marketed world wide by ISL (Integral
   Solutions Ltd., address below).
   ___________________________________________________________________

COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
[33](Back to Contents)

   Poplog was sold commercially between around 1982 and 1998.
   Initially it ran on a VAX under VMS and supported only pop-11 and
   prolog, along with a very simple lisp system. Common Lisp was added
   a few years later, followed by Standard ML. It was later ported to
   many Unix platforms as well as VMS on DEC Alpha, and linux on a PC.
   Until late 1998, it was marketed commercially world wide by ISL.

   In 1992 ISL and Sussex University won an ICP award for achieving
   five million dollars worth of sales.

   Following the take-over of ISL by SPSS in December 1998, Poplog has
   been made available free of charge, from the Birmingham Poplog FTP
   directory, including sources. Details are in
   * [34]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
     or
   * [35]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/freepoplog.html

   A mirror site is at
   * [36]http://www.poplog.org

   All this should help revive interest especially in Pop-11, which
   many users think is far better for teaching AI to novices than Java
   or Prolog, and probably more approachable to many (ordinary) people
   than Lisp, though lisp has many of the same benefits.

   See the discussion in:
   * [37]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/primer/START.html
     or
   * [38]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/primer/START.html

   Among the free poplogs is a version which runs under
   windows95/98/NT, though without the X-based graphical facilities.
   That has never been sold separately by ISL though they use it for
   Clementine on PCs under NT.

   Perhaps with the sources available someone will port Poplog's
   graphical tools to the Windows environment. (ISL use a commercial
   package which emulates X on a PC, but that is out of the question
   for most users because of costs.)
   ___________________________________________________________________

SOME HISTORY
[39](Back to Contents)

   The first of the Pop family of languages was originally developed
   in the late 1960s by Robin Popplestone. After some evolution (and
   re-naming) it was used for research in Artificial Intelligence at
   Edinburgh University throughout most of the 1970s and beyond,
   though other languages (e.g. Prolog, Common Lisp, ML) were favoured
   by some of the AI research groups.

   I learnt Pop2 there running on an Elliot 4130 computer in 1972-3.
   Most of the multi-user operating system was implemented in pop2.
   (There was a single heap shared by all users!) A Pop2 manual ("the
   silver book") was published by Edinburgh University Press sin 1972
   or 1973, but has long been out of print.

   The other Pop languages grew out of pop2, with the usual divergence
   as languages evolve, but the only version that has survived as far
   as I know is Pop-11 in the Poplog environment.
   ___________________________________________________________________

ALPHAPOP ON MAC
[40](Back to Contents)

   Alphapop was a Mac based version of a subset of pop-11 (e.g. not
   including lexically scoped variables), developed and sold by
   Cognitive Applications in the late 1980s, but has not been updated
   for the latest versions of the Mac operating system and used an out
   of date C compiler. If they put the sources in the public domain
   perhaps someone will bring it up to date.
   ___________________________________________________________________

BOOK ON POP-11, AND A PRIMER
[41](Back to Contents)

   There is a book that provides more information about the history of
   Pop-11 and Poplog up to the late 1980s, though I don't know whether
   it is still in print.
   POP-11 Comes of Age: The Advancement of an AI Programming Language,
   1989, Ed. J.A.D.W. Anderson, Ellis Horwood, Chichester

   The occasion was the 21st birthday of Popplestone's original
   language.

   My chapter in that book, written when I was at Sussex, can be found
   in
   * [42]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc/pop11.at.sussex.p
     s
     or
   * [43]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/doc/pop11.at.sussex.ps

   (It is hoped to include additional papers on Poplog and Pop-11
   there later on.)

   A fairly detailed introduction to a subset of Pop-11 can be found
   in the Pop-11 Primer available in various formats (plain text,
   latex source, postscript, html) from the Birmingham Poplog ftp
   directory
   * [44]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/
     or
   * [45]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/

   A browsable version of the primer (with one postscript figure),
   produced using LaTex2html is in:
   * [46]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/primer/START.html
   * [47]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/primer/START.html

   The html version can be fetched in a tar file and unpacked for
   local use:
   * [48]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/primerhtml.tar.gz
     or
   * [49]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/primerhtml.tar.gz
     (The graphical symbols won't work, but they are not essential.)
   ___________________________________________________________________

POPLOG "REF" AND "HELP" FILES
[50](Back to Contents)

   The most complete specification of the latest version of Pop-11 is
   available only in the REF and HELP directories that come with the
   poplog system. This has all been made available stripped of the
   special graphical characters for use when the documentation is read
   in the Poplog editor Ved:
   * [51]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc
   ___________________________________________________________________

ONLINE TEACHING MATERIAL ON POP-11
[52](Back to Contents)

   There is quite a lot of browsable Pop-11 teaching material in these
   directories:
   * [53]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/teach
   * [54]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/rclib/teach
   * [55]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/newkit/prb/teach
   * [56]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/newkit/sim/teach

   Also accessible via
   * [57]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/teach/
   * [58]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/rclib/teach/
   * [59]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/newkit/prb/teach/
   * [60]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/newkit/sim/teach/

   David Young's popvision library, developed at Sussex University has
   a number of utilities for image analysis and neural nets, with a
   lot of teaching material for vision. It is available in a browsable
   form at:
   * [61]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/popvision/

   The whole package is available in a gzipped tar file:
   * [62]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/popvision.tar.gz

   (NOTE: it was designed for use with an 8-bit graphic display. If
   used on a machine with 16 or 24 bit "Truecolour" you will need to
   start X up in 8 bit mode to use the display facilities in
   popvision. It is hoped that the relevant procedures will be
   generalised later.)

   There is also a lot of teaching material based on Poplog and Pop-11
   at Sussex University and in other places, though not yet made
   accessible externally.
   ___________________________________________________________________

WHAT DOES POP-11 LOOK LIKE?
[63](Back to Contents)

   Pop-11 is an incrementally compiled language with power comparable
   to Common Lisp but with a syntax closer to more conventional
   languages. E.g. here is a typical procedure definition in Pop-11,
   for testing whether an item is in a list (equivalent to the built
   in pop-11 procedure member):

  define is_in(item, list) -> result;
       ;;; Return true if item is in the list, otherwise false

       lvars thing;
       for thing in list do
           if thing = item then
               true -> result; return();
           endif
       endfor;

       ;;; not found, so
       false -> result;
   enddefine;

   ;;; Test it: the result is left on the stack. Stack contents are
   ;;; printed out using the "=>" operator:
   is_in(3, [2 3 5 8])=>
   ** <true>

   is_in(3, [one two three]) =>
   ** <false>

   The same thing can be defined recursively, in a more familiar
   functional style as often used in Lisp or Scheme, and without using
   an output variable in the header (unused results are left on the
   "user stack" in any case).

  define is_in(item, list);
       if null(list) then false
       elseif item = hd(list) then true
       else is_in(item, tl(list))
       endif
   enddefine;

   ;;; Test it:
   is_in("cat", [bat cat dog elephant])=>
   ** <true>

   is_in(3, [one two three])=>
   ** <false>

   Compare a Lisp (or Scheme?) equivalent:

  (defun is_in(item list)
       (cond
           ((null list) nil)
           ((equal item (car list)) t)
           (t (is_in item (cdr list)))))

   ; Test it
   (is_in `cat `(bat cat dog elephant))
   T

   [NOTE: in Pop-11, the infix operator "=" corresponds to "EQUAL" in
   Lisp, whereas "==" corresponds to "EQ".]

   Pop-11 also has pattern matching built in, support for developing
   new incrementally compiled languages, an object oriented subsystem
   similar to CLOS, an interface to the X window system, and many
   other features.

   This is how the pattern matcher could be used to define is_in:
  define is_in(item, list) -> result;
       list matches [== ^item == ] -> result;
   enddefine;

   Where "==" matches arbitrary segments of a list. The use of a
   pattern matcher makes it much easier to develop knowledge-based
   systems.

   Lots more examples of Pop-11 code can be found in the Primer and
   online teach files, described above, and in source code libraries
   in the Poplog directory:
   * [64]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/
     or
   * [65]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/

   See especially the documentation directories in
   * [66]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc/
   * [67]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/doc/

   The most detailed documentation on Pop-11 (written for experts) is
   in the files in
   * [68]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc/popref/
   * [69]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/doc/popref/

   supplemented by these
   * [70]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc/pophelp/
   * [71]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/doc/pophelp/

   (Unfortunately, many of the files in the distributed documentation
   directories have special character codes for reading in the VED
   editor. I have produced "stripped" versions in the above
   directories.)

   See also the FAQ assembled by Steve Leach and Graham Higgins:
   * [72]http://www.poplog.org/about/faq-list.html
   ___________________________________________________________________

THE POPLOG VIRTUAL MACHINE AND TWO LEVEL COMPILER
[73](Back to Contents)

   Poplog is a multi-language Artificial Intelligence development
   environment, in which Pop-11 is the core language and Prolog,
   Common Lisp, and Standard ML are also supported in any combination.

   The implementation of Pop-11 and all the other language is based on
   pop-11 tools for developing incremental compilers that can also be
   used to implement other languages which will then run wherever
   Poplog does.

   Poplog provides a high level language-independent and machine-
   independent virtual machine (the Poplog Virtual Machine) which is
   rich enough to support a wide range of languages. There are Pop-11
   procedures for planting instructions for this virtual machine. When
   the instructions reach the end of a procedure definition, the high
   level PVM instructions are compiled in a machine independent
   fashion to a low level Poplog Implementation Machine. The
   instructions at that level are then compiled incrementally (a
   procedure at a time) using a machine dependent "back end" compiler
   to instructions for the current machine. This two level incremental
   compiler is used by all the Poplog languages.

   Poplog compiled procedures are data-structures in the heap and can
   be garbage collected, unlike compiled procedures in some other AI
   languages.

   During system development and porting to a new machine a different
   back end is used which produces files of assembler for the target
   machine (and other information required during the linking phase).

   Because of all this most of the core of the Poplog system is
   implemented in Pop-11 (in a special dialect with some C-like
   extensions to provide more efficient low level mechanism.) Building
   a new version therefore always requires access to a running Poplog.
   The advantage of using Pop-11 as the main implementation language
   rather than C or C++ is that Pop-11 (like Lisp) is a higher level
   language making system development much easier and more reliable.
   Also new features can be developed as Pop-11 code in libraries
   available to users, and then after thorough testing can later be
   incorporated into the system.
   ___________________________________________________________________

ONLINE INFORMATION
[74](Back to Contents)

   For more information on Pop-11 and Poplog, and a collection of AI
   teaching material in Pop-11, see the Birmingham Free Poplog
   directory
   * [75]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/
     or
   * [76]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/

   including the README file, and
   * [77]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/poplog.info.html
     or
   * [78]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html

   Further information is available in:
   * [79]http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/adrianh/poplog.html
   * [80]http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/adrianh/pop11.html
   * [81]http://www.cvg.cs.reading.ac.uk/poplog/

   Very detailed documentation can be accessed through the doc/
   subdirectory mentioned above:
   * [82]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/doc/
   * [83]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/doc/

   This also all available in a tar file docdirs.tar.gz

   The sysdoc directory is available in sysdoc.tar.gz
   ___________________________________________________________________

POP-FORUM EMAIL LIST
[84](Back to Contents)

   There is an email list gatewayed to the comp.lang.pop news group.
   It is currently maintained at the University of Birmingham. If you
   wish to join the pop-forum email list please send a message to

   majordomo AT cs.bham.ac.uk

   containing just one line

   subscribe pop-forum

   The address from which you send that message will be added to the
   pop-forum email list. You can remove it later by sending a message
   containing

   unsubscribe pop-forum

   If you join, you will automatically receive all messages posted to
   comp.lang.pop. Likewise if you send any messages to pop-forum they
   will also be posted to the comp.lang.pop newsgroup.
   ___________________________________________________________________

AVAILABILITY
[85](Back to Contents)

   Poplog is now available free of charge. Information is available at
   * [86]ftp://ftp.cs.bham.ac.uk/pub/dist/poplog/freepoplog.html
     or
   * [87]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html

   Poplog was developed mainly at Sussex University, and was
   previously marketed by ISL, who used Pop-11 in their Clementine
   data-mining system. ISL were bought in 1998 by SPSS
   SPSS (UK) Ltd.
   1st Floor
   St. Andrew's House
   West Street, Woking
   Surrey GU21 1EB
   Telephone: +44.1483.719200
   Fax: +44.1483.719290
   E-mail: [88]sales@spss.co.uk
   E-mail/training: [89]training@spss.co.uk
   E-mail/Technical support: [90]support@spss.co.uk
   WEB [91]http://www.isl.co.uk
       [92]http://www.spss.com/

   There is an online web site devoted to Poplog and Pop-11:
   * [93]http://www.poplog.org/

   This includes a FAQ which overlaps with this file.

   although this news group has nothing to do with Post Office
   Protocol or POP3, as it happens a precursor of pop-11, developed in
   Edinburgh University and used for much of their research in AI in
   the 1970s and after, was known as POP2.
   ___________________________________________________________________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
[94](Back to Contents)

   Many thanks to Lee Goddard (home AT leegoddard.com) and Graham
   Higgins (gjh AT bel-epa.com) for help with conversion of this file
   to HTML.
   ___________________________________________________________________

   Aaron
   ===
   Aaron Sloman, ( [95]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/ )
   School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT,
   UK
   EMAIL A.Sloman AT cs.bham.ac.uk (ReadATas@please !)
   PAPERS: [96]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/
   TOOLS: [97]http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html

References

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97. http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
====
Aaron Sloman, ( http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/ )
School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
EMAIL A.Sloman AT cs.bham.ac.uk   (ReadATas@please !)
PAPERS: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/
FREE TOOLS: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html